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Petroleum in the United States has been a major industry since shortly after the oil discovery in the Oil Creek area of Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859. The petroleum industry includes exploration for, production, processing (refining), transportation, and marketing of natural gas and petroleum products.〔American Petroleum Institute, (), accessed 20 February 2010.〕 As of 2008, the U.S. was the world's third-largest oil producer (after Saudi Arabia and Russia), producing 8.5 million barrels of oil and natural gas liquids per day.〔(US Energy Information Administration )〕 The leading oil-producing area in the United States in 2014 was Texas ( per day), followed by the federal zone of the Gulf of Mexico ( per day, followed by North Dakota ( per day) and California ( per day).〔(US Energy Information Administration )〕 Production of both oil and natural were increasing rapidly as of early 2015. US Natural gas production achieved new record highs for each year from 2011 through 2014. Marketed natural gas production in 2014 was 74.7 billion cubic feet per day, a 44% increase over the rate of 51.9 billion cubic feet per day in 2005. Over the same time period, production of natural gas liquids increased 70%, from 1.74 million barrels per day in 2005 to 2.96 million barrels per day in 2014. In April 2015, natural gas was produced at the rate of 79.4 billion cubic feet per day.〔US EIA, (Natural gas wellhead value and marketed production ), accessed 30 July 2015.〕 Oil production in 2014 was 8.72 million barrels of oil per day, an increase of 74% from the 2008 production of 5.00 million barrels per day. In March 2015, oil production was 9.69 million barrels, the highest monthly rate since 1971, and a rate higher than the all-time annual peak rate of 9.64 million barrels per day, achieved in 1970.〔US EIA, (Crude oil production ), accessed 30 July 2015.〕 In 2014, petroleum and natural gas were the two largest sources of energy in the U.S., together providing 63 percent of the energy consumed (oil provided 35 percent and gas 28 percent).〔US Energy Information Administration,(Overview ), accessed 19 February 2010.〕 In 2008 the United States consumed per day of petroleum products, of which 46 percent was gasoline, 20 percent diesel fuel and heating oil, and 10 percent liquefied petroleum gas.〔US Energy Information Administration,(Product supplied ), accessed 19 February 2010.〕 In 2012, the U.S. imported 40 percent of the petroleum it used.〔US Energy Information Administration, (How dependent are we on foreign oil? ), May 2013.〕 The largest sources of U.S. imported oil are (in descending order): Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Venezuela, and Russia.〔US Energy Information Administration,(), accessed 29 February 2014.〕 According to the American Petroleum Institute, the oil and natural gas industry supports nine million U.S. jobs and makes up seven percent of the nation's gross domestic product.〔American Petroleum Institute, (Energy works ), accessed 30 July 2015.〕 ==Industry structure== The United States oil industry is made up of thousands of companies, engaged in exploration and production, transportation, refining, distribution, and marketing of oil. The industry is often informally divided into "upstream" (exploration and production), "midstream" (transportation and refining), and "downstream" (distribution and marketing). The industry sector involved in oil exploration and production is for all practical purposes identical with the sector exploring and producing natural gas, but oil and natural gas have different midstream and downstream sectors (''see'': Natural gas in the United States). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Petroleum in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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